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''Phallus indusiatus'', commonly called the bamboo fungus, bamboo pith, long net stinkhorn, crinoline stinkhorn or veiled lady, is a fungus in the family Phallaceae, or stinkhorns. It has a cosmopolitan distribution in tropical areas, and is found in southern Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Australia, where it grows in woodlands and gardens in rich soil and well-rotted woody material. The fruit body of the fungus is characterised by a conical to bell-shaped cap on a stalk and a delicate lacy "skirt", or indusium, that hangs from beneath the cap and reaches nearly to the ground. First described scientifically in 1798 by French botanist Étienne Pierre Ventenat, the species has often been referred to a separate genus ''Dictyophora'' along with other ''Phallus'' species featuring an indusium. ''P. indusiatus'' can be distinguished from other similar species by differences in distribution, size, color, and indusium length. Mature fruit bodies are up to tall with a conical to bell-shaped cap that is wide. The cap is covered with a greenish-brown spore-containing slime, which attracts flies and other insects that eat the spores and disperse them. An edible mushroom featured as an ingredient in Chinese ''haute cuisine'', it is used in stir-frys and chicken soups. The mushroom, grown commercially and commonly sold in Asian markets, is rich in protein, carbohydrates, and dietary fiber. The mushroom also contains various bioactive compounds, and has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. ''Phallus indusiatus'' has a recorded history of use in Chinese medicine extending back to the 7th century AD, and features in Nigerian folklore. ==Taxonomic history== ''Phallus indusiatus'' was initially described by French naturalist Étienne Pierre Ventenat in 1798,〔 and sanctioned under that name by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in 1801.〔 One author anonymously gave his impressions of Ventenat's discovery in an 1800 publication: This beautiful species, which is sufficiently characterised to distinguish it from every other individual of the class, is copiously produced in Dutch Guiana, about 300 paces from the sea, and nearly as far from the left bank of the river of Surinam. It was communicated to me by the elder Vaillant,〔Father of the more famous François Levaillant, explorer and ornithologist, the elder Levaillant was a merchant of Metz who served as French consul in Dutch Guiana until 1763.〕 who discovered it in 1755 on some raised ground which was never overflowed by the highest tides, and is formed of a very fine white sand, covered with a thin stratum of earth. The prodigious quantity of individuals of this species which grow at the same time, the very different periods of their expansion, the brilliancy and the varied shades of their colours, present a prospect truly picturesque.〔The fungus was later placed in a new genus, ''Dictyophora'', in 1809 by Nicaise Auguste Desvaux;〔 it was then known for many years as ''Dictyophora indusiata''.〔 Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck placed the species in ''Hymenophallus'' in 1817, as ''H. indusiatus''.〔 Both genera were eventually returned to synonyms of ''Phallus'' and the species is now known again by its original name.〔〔 Curtis Gates Lloyd described the variety ''rochesterensis'' in 1909, originally as a new species, ''Phallus rochesterensis''. It was found in Kew, Australia.〔 A form with a pink-coloured indusium was reported by Vincenzo de Cesati in 1879 as ''Hymenophallus roseus'', and later called ''Dictyophora indusiata'' f. ''rosea'' by Yosio Kobayasi in 1965;〔 it is synonymous with ''Phallus cinnabarinus''.〔 A taxon described in 1936 as ''Dictyophora lutea''〔 and variously known for years as ''Dictyophora indusiata'' f. ''lutea'', ''D. indusiata'' f. ''aurantiaca'', or ''Phallus indusiatus'' f. ''citrinus'', was formally transferred to ''Phallus'' in 2008 as a distinct species, ''Phallus luteus''.〔 The specific epithet is the Latin adjective ''indūsǐātus'', "wearing an undergarment".〔 The former generic name ''Dictyophora'' is derived from the Ancient Greek words () (''diktyon'', "net"), and () (''pherō'', "to bear"), hence "bearing a net".〔〔 ''Phallus indusiatus'' has many common names based on its appearance, including long net stinkhorn, crinoline stinkhorn,〔Hall (2003), p. 19.〕 basket stinkhorn,〔 bridal veil fungus, and veiled lady.〔 The Japanese name , derived from the word ''kinugasa'', refers to the wide-brimmed hats that featured a hanging silk veil to hide and protect the wearer's face.〔 A Chinese common name that alludes to its typical growth habitat is "bamboo mushroom" ().〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Phallus indusiatus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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